| Bubble Pressure Tensiometer – BP100 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Bubble Pressure Tensiometer. |  |
| Bubble Pressure Tensiometer – BPT Mobile | KRÜSS USA | This is a Bubble Pressure Tensiometer. |  |
| Drop Shape Analyzer – DSA High Temperature | KRÜSS USA | This is a Drop Shape Analyzer. |  |
| Drop Shape Analyzer – DSA Inkjet | KRÜSS USA | This is a Drop Shape Analyzer. |  |
| Drop Shape Analyzer – DSA100 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Drop Shape Analyzer. |  |
| Drop Shape Analyzer – DSA100 HP | KRÜSS USA | This is a Drop Shape Analyzer. |  |
| Drop Shape Analyzer – DSA25 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Drop Shape Analyzer. |  |
| Drop Volume Tensiometer – DVT50 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Drop Volume Tensiometer. |  |
| Dynamic Foam Analyzer – DFA100 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Dynamic Foam Analyzer. |  |
| Force Tensiometer – K100 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Force Tensiometer. |  |
| Force Tensiometer – K20 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Force Tensiometer. |  |
| Force Tensiometer – K6 | KRÜSS USA | This is a Force Tensiometer. |  |
| High Pressure Foam Analyzer – HPFA | KRÜSS USA | This is a High Pressure Foam Analyzer. |  |
| Mobile Surface Analyzer – MSA | KRÜSS USA | This is a Mobile Surface Analyzer. |  |
| Spinning Drop Tensiometer – SDT | KRÜSS USA | This is a Spinning Drop Tensiometer. |  |
| Surface Roughness Analyzer – SRA | KRÜSS USA | This is a Surface Roughness Analyzer. |  |
| Abrasion Scrub Tester | BYK-Gardner USA | Coated surfaces need to be tested for resistance to abrasion caused by a brush, sponge, or other means. The Wet Abrasion Tester produces a repeatable, controlled condition to simulate everyday use or wear patterns. |  |
| ART Application Reader Technology | Ashland | ART consists of a portable stand, a mounting panel and the force plate, or measuring core. The key to ART is the measuring core, which records the parameters that comprise paint application feel. ART can help objectively determine the key parameters of ...もっと表示する ART consists of a portable stand, a mounting panel and the force plate, or measuring core. The key to ART is the measuring core, which records the parameters that comprise paint application feel. ART can help objectively determine the key parameters of paint application. ART helps to quantify the parameters that make up paint application feel. The next step is to select the appropriate rheology modifier to maintain that paint feel, or to adjust one of the parameters as necessary to meet or achieve your desired outcome. 表示を減らす | |
| ASC Automatic Sample Changer | Anton Paar Viscosity & Rheology | ASC Automatic Sample Changer allows the fully automated measurement of up to 32 samples in one work cycle. The positioning of the measuring cups, the measuring procedure, including data recording and subsequent cleaning of the measuring bob, are fully aut...もっと表示する ASC Automatic Sample Changer allows the fully automated measurement of up to 32 samples in one work cycle. The positioning of the measuring cups, the measuring procedure, including data recording and subsequent cleaning of the measuring bob, are fully automatic. This unique system not only save work but also increases the quality of the measuring results due to high reproducibility. 表示を減らす |  |
| Auto-Match® III Sensor | BYK-Gardner USA | The last thing a paint department wants to worry about is a broken down color matching system. Therefore the Auto-Match® III Sensor has an extremely rugged and reliable design guaranteeing a maintenance-free operation for years. |  |
| Balanced Beam Scrape Adhesion And Mar Tester | BYK-Gardner USA | Balanced Beam Scrape Adhesion And Mar Tester is used to perform scrape adhesion and mar resistance (scratch hardness) tests of coatings and surfaces of various materials. |  |
| Bend Test Conical Mandrel | TQC | The TQC Bend Test Conical Mandrel is a laboratory apparatus to bend coated test panels over a conical shaped mandrel in order to assess the elasticity or resistance of a coating-, paint or varnish to cracking, elongation and/or detachment from a metal tes...もっと表示する The TQC Bend Test Conical Mandrel is a laboratory apparatus to bend coated test panels over a conical shaped mandrel in order to assess the elasticity or resistance of a coating-, paint or varnish to cracking, elongation and/or detachment from a metal test panel in accordance with ISO 6860 and ASTM D522. The conical shape of the bending area allows the deformation of the test panel and examination of the elasticity range of a coating over any diameter between 3.1 and 38 mm in one single test. 表示を減らす |  |
| Bubble Viscometers | BYK-Gardner USA | BYK-Gardner bubble viscometers are used to quickly determine kinematic viscosity of known liquids such as resins and varnishes. |  |
| Buchholz Indentation Test | BYK-Gardner USA | The Buchholz indentation test is a reliable test method for evaluation of indentation resistance of plastic deformable coatings. |  |
| BYK LC 4 | BYK-Gardner USA | Conductivity meters for water based coatings systems. LC 4 handheld conductivity meter with touch-screen, easy to-use, rugged design. |  |
| BYK-mac | BYK-Gardner USA | Total color impression of effect finishes: The appearance of effect finishes is influenced by different viewing angles and viewing conditions. Apart from a light-dark flop and color shift special sparkling effects can be created. The BYK-mac spectrophoto...もっと表示する Total color impression of effect finishes: The appearance of effect finishes is influenced by different viewing angles and viewing conditions. Apart from a light-dark flop and color shift special sparkling effects can be created. The BYK-mac spectrophotometer is unique as it measures both multiangle color and flake characterization in one portable device. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYK-mac COLOR | BYK-Gardner USA | Multi-angle color measurement: In order to control the lightness and / or color flop of an effect finish, the color needs to be measured under different viewing angles. BYK-mac COLOR spectrophotometer offers an attractive solution. |  |
| BYK-mac ROBOTIC | BYK-Gardner USA | BYK-mac ROBOTIC allows automated total color control as it is mounted on a robotic arm. Products can only be manufactured with uniform and consistent quality when process stability is guaranteed. Therefore, multi-angle color, sparkle, and graininess must ...もっと表示する BYK-mac ROBOTIC allows automated total color control as it is mounted on a robotic arm. Products can only be manufactured with uniform and consistent quality when process stability is guaranteed. Therefore, multi-angle color, sparkle, and graininess must be measured on a routine basis. The robotic system not only measures a high number of cars, but also on the same areas. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYK-mac Small Aperture | BYK-Gardner USA | Special effect finishes are used in many applications to create new color impressions emphasizing the design of a product. Objects like mobile phone housings, bicycles or window handles are very small or curved. They require a color instrument with small ...もっと表示する Special effect finishes are used in many applications to create new color impressions emphasizing the design of a product. Objects like mobile phone housings, bicycles or window handles are very small or curved. They require a color instrument with small aperture and repeatable sample placement. The BYK-mac with 12 mm aperture guarantees repeatable results even on such products. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-Charts | BYK-Gardner USA | BYK-Gardner offers a wide range of drawdown cards and charts for virtually any application and coating material. Test charts are easy to use and an inexpensive substrate to test a variety of coating properties, such as opacity, spreading rate, penetrat...もっと表示する BYK-Gardner offers a wide range of drawdown cards and charts for virtually any application and coating material. Test charts are easy to use and an inexpensive substrate to test a variety of coating properties, such as opacity, spreading rate, penetration behavior, and flow and leveling behavior. They are used for testing architectural, industrial, automotive, wood finishes or even cosmetic products (e.g. nail polish). 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-Cut Universal | BYK-Gardner USA | BYKO-Cut Universal is a portable instrument providing sufficient accuracy for laboratory use but also usable at construction sites and in workshops. It is ideal for customer service technicians and demonstrations. This is a universal instrument for measur...もっと表示する BYKO-Cut Universal is a portable instrument providing sufficient accuracy for laboratory use but also usable at construction sites and in workshops. It is ideal for customer service technicians and demonstrations. This is a universal instrument for measuring film thickness in the range of 2-2000 μm, adhesion test by means of cross-cut test, indentation hardness, and microscopic research for pores, pits, cracks, blisters, flaking, intercoat adhesion of the individual film in coat systems, and quality control of the pretreatment of the substrate. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-Spectra | BYK-Gardner USA | Colors appear differently under different lighting conditions. Use of a light booth to simulate different lighting conditions helps to obtain objective color assessment, improves communication and reduces product rejections. BYK-Gardner offers a complete ...もっと表示する Colors appear differently under different lighting conditions. Use of a light booth to simulate different lighting conditions helps to obtain objective color assessment, improves communication and reduces product rejections. BYK-Gardner offers a complete line of light booths which allow you to see what your product will look like – independent of location and environmental influences. For critical color evaluation, the BYKO-Spectra light booth offers every option and feature that is needed to evaluate and communicate color with absolute confidence. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-Spectra Basic | BYK-Gardner USA | For general color evaluation under defined lighting conditions, the BYKO-Spectra Basic light booth offers several benefits. It allows for the comparison of standard and sample in a color-neutral environment, and offers three different controlled light sou...もっと表示する For general color evaluation under defined lighting conditions, the BYKO-Spectra Basic light booth offers several benefits. It allows for the comparison of standard and sample in a color-neutral environment, and offers three different controlled light sources: daylight, incandescent light, and department store light. It is easy to operated by using individual switches for each light source, can be set up in minutes without any tools, and allows for economical testing of large samples in a compact design - for laboratory and production. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-Spectra Effect | BYK-Gardner USA | Effect finish appearance is influenced by different viewing angles and viewing conditions. With BYK-Gardner’s new BYKO-Spectra Effect light booth, it is now possible to control both parameters to ensure objective evaluation of the total color impression o...もっと表示する Effect finish appearance is influenced by different viewing angles and viewing conditions. With BYK-Gardner’s new BYKO-Spectra Effect light booth, it is now possible to control both parameters to ensure objective evaluation of the total color impression of effect finishes. This helps to improve communication and reduce product rejections. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-Spectra Mini | BYK-Gardner USA | For general color evaluation of small samples the BYKO-Spectra Mini light booth offers several benefits. It allows for comparison of standard and sample in a color-neutral environment, and three different controlled light sources: daylight, incandescent l...もっと表示する For general color evaluation of small samples the BYKO-Spectra Mini light booth offers several benefits. It allows for comparison of standard and sample in a color-neutral environment, and three different controlled light sources: daylight, incandescent light, and department store light. It is easy to operate, has a quick set up, and allows for economical testing of small samples due to its compact design. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-test 4200/4500 | BYK-Gardner USA | The byko-test 4500 film thickness gauge allows for the measurement of a variety of products. No cable exchange or calibration is needed when changing from a ferrous to a non-ferrous substrate. The large LCD display and 10 second retention of the last meas...もっと表示する The byko-test 4500 film thickness gauge allows for the measurement of a variety of products. No cable exchange or calibration is needed when changing from a ferrous to a non-ferrous substrate. The large LCD display and 10 second retention of the last measured value makes the byko-test 4500 easy to use. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-test 8500 | BYK-Gardner USA | The byko-test 8500 film thickness gauge has a modular design to accommodate a wide range of applications. Multiple sensor probes are available for maximun flexibility. Coating thickness can be measured on a wide variety of metal substrates: iron, steel, c...もっと表示する The byko-test 8500 film thickness gauge has a modular design to accommodate a wide range of applications. Multiple sensor probes are available for maximun flexibility. Coating thickness can be measured on a wide variety of metal substrates: iron, steel, copper, aluminum, zinc, brass, and titanium. 表示を減らす |  |
| BYKO-test MP0R | BYK-Gardner USA | The byko-test MP0R film gage allows quick and easy measurements of coatings thickness on ferrous and non-ferrous substrates. The instrument automatically identifies the kind of substrate and selects the appropriate test method accordingly. The instrument...もっと表示する The byko-test MP0R film gage allows quick and easy measurements of coatings thickness on ferrous and non-ferrous substrates. The instrument automatically identifies the kind of substrate and selects the appropriate test method accordingly. The instrument is designed for one-hand operation. An integrated spring guarantees a constant pressure of the probe to the sample's surface. The instrument comes with an integrated radio transmitter. For wireless transmission of the measured values directly to a PC, the optional radio receiver and software is necessary. 表示を減らす |  |
| CAMSIZER® - Dynamic Image Analysis System Particle Size | HORIBA Instruments, Inc. | CAMSIZER® features dynamic image analysis to provide rapid and precise particle size and particle shape distributions for dry powders and bulk material in the size range from 30µm to 30mm. 100% higher resolution. It has a new LED-stroboscope light source ...もっと表示する CAMSIZER® features dynamic image analysis to provide rapid and precise particle size and particle shape distributions for dry powders and bulk material in the size range from 30µm to 30mm. 100% higher resolution. It has a new LED-stroboscope light source with 20 times higher intensity. It provides extreme depth of sharpness and improved shape and size analysis across the entire measuring range. CAMSIZER® has an optimized, process oriented software, excellent compatibility to sieve analysis it is easy to reproduce and there are several language versions.Typical examples of applications for CAMSIZER® are: Salt/sugar, Sand, Polystyrene, Plastics, Carbon black/coal, Glass/ceramics, Catalysts, Coffee, Fertilisers, Abrasives, Refractory products, Drugs, Carbon products, Foodstuffs and Metal powder. 表示を減らす |  |
| CAMSIZER XT - Dynamic Image Analysis System Particle Size | HORIBA Instruments, Inc. | CAMSIZER XT features dynamic image analysis to provide rapid and precise particle size and particle shape distributions for dry powders and wet dispersions in the size range from 1µm to 3mm. It performs high resolution for narrow, mono-modal distributions...もっと表示する CAMSIZER XT features dynamic image analysis to provide rapid and precise particle size and particle shape distributions for dry powders and wet dispersions in the size range from 1µm to 3mm. It performs high resolution for narrow, mono-modal distributions, excellent dynamic measurement range for broad distributions or multi-modal samples and reliable detection of smallest amounts (< 0.1 %) of “oversize” particles. It also performs particle shape analysis (e. g. aspect ratio, symmetry or roundness for detection of agglomerates, broken particles or contaminations). CAMSIZER XT is ideal for granules and fine pellets, pulverized and granulated food, detergent powder and raw materials, plastic powders (also with electrostatic charge) metal and ore powders, abrasives (medium-sized and small grit), fine sands and cement, fine wood fibers and fine plastic fibers 表示を減らす |  |
| Cloud-Runner | BYK-Gardner USA | Control and guarantee a uniform finish - no more mottling! Mottling disturbes the overall color harmony of effect finishes. These irregular lightness variations can now be objectively measured with BYK-Gardner's newest innovation: the cloud-runner simulat...もっと表示する Control and guarantee a uniform finish - no more mottling! Mottling disturbes the overall color harmony of effect finishes. These irregular lightness variations can now be objectively measured with BYK-Gardner's newest innovation: the cloud-runner simulates visual evaluation under different observing angles and characterizes clouds / mottles by their size and visibility. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-2500c | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-2500c spectrophotometer is a high-accuracy, portable color measuring instrument that features an LCD screen with multiple display views accessed with the use of an easy to use ‘navigation wheel’. This spectrophotometer is light-weight, compact and ...もっと表示する The CM-2500c spectrophotometer is a high-accuracy, portable color measuring instrument that features an LCD screen with multiple display views accessed with the use of an easy to use ‘navigation wheel’. This spectrophotometer is light-weight, compact and can measure the color of even uneven surfaces of any shape of size. The CM-2500c can be battery-powered or connected to an AC adapter. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-2500d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-2500d spectrophotometer is a portable hand-held device that has the ability to simultaneously measure SCI and SCE numerical gloss control. This fast and accurate instrument is easy to use with a navigation wheel and button. The large LCD screen has...もっと表示する The CM-2500d spectrophotometer is a portable hand-held device that has the ability to simultaneously measure SCI and SCE numerical gloss control. This fast and accurate instrument is easy to use with a navigation wheel and button. The large LCD screen has a reversing function, allowing it to read in any direction and display data graphically or numerically. The CM-2500d spectrophotometer is the world’s first portable instrument to offer the patented numerical UV-Control and is compatible with SpectraMagic NX software. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-2600d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-2600d spectrophotometer is a portable hand-held device that features a bright viewfinder and has the ability to simultaneously measure SCI and SCE numerical gloss control. This fast and accurate instrument is easy to use with a navigation wheel and...もっと表示する The CM-2600d spectrophotometer is a portable hand-held device that features a bright viewfinder and has the ability to simultaneously measure SCI and SCE numerical gloss control. This fast and accurate instrument is easy to use with a navigation wheel and button. The large LCD screen has a reversing function, allowing it to read in any direction and display data graphically or numerically. It has a changeable aperture that allows the user to select between 8mm and 3mm and comes with a UV adjustment. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-3220d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM3220d benchtop spectrophotometer is an affordable, lightweight and rugged color measurement instrument that is ideal for Quality Control in the laboratory and Point of Sale applications. This easy-to-use spectrophotometer has Numerical Gloss Control...もっと表示する The CM3220d benchtop spectrophotometer is an affordable, lightweight and rugged color measurement instrument that is ideal for Quality Control in the laboratory and Point of Sale applications. This easy-to-use spectrophotometer has Numerical Gloss Control (NGC), enabling it to measure specular components SCI and exclude SCE. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-3600a | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-3600a bench-top spectrophotometer is horizontally oriented and provides a highly accurate and precise measurements. This spectrophotometer can be used in a wide range of applications. It can measure the reflectance of a broad range of subjects, inc...もっと表示する The CM-3600a bench-top spectrophotometer is horizontally oriented and provides a highly accurate and precise measurements. This spectrophotometer can be used in a wide range of applications. It can measure the reflectance of a broad range of subjects, including measuring functions and interchangeable diameters as well as the transmittance of transparent or translucent solids and liquids. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-3600d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-3600d bench-top spectrophotometer is very accurate and repeatable instrument with the ability to measure color in any application. This horizontally oriented unit features various measuring functions, including reduced time switching between SCI an...もっと表示する The CM-3600d bench-top spectrophotometer is very accurate and repeatable instrument with the ability to measure color in any application. This horizontally oriented unit features various measuring functions, including reduced time switching between SCI and SCE filter movements and an ability to measure various sample sizes with interchangeable diameters. Using double-beam technology and a dual sensor, the CM-3600d can measure at 10nm over a full range of wavelengths from 360-740nm. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-3610d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-3610d bench-top spectrophotometer is very accurate and repeatable instrument with the ability to measure color in any application. This vertically oriented unit features various measuring functions, including reduced time switching between SCI and ...もっと表示する The CM-3610d bench-top spectrophotometer is very accurate and repeatable instrument with the ability to measure color in any application. This vertically oriented unit features various measuring functions, including reduced time switching between SCI and SCE filter movements and an ability to measure various sample sizes with interchangeable diameters. Using double-beam technology and a dual sensor, the CM-3610d can measure at 10nm over a full range of wavelengths from 360-740nm. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-3700a | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-3700a spectrophotometer is a high-accuracy bench-top model, filled with Konica Minolta's advanced optical technology. To ensure the most accurate measurement is taken, this instrument emits a high power xenon flash. The size of the measurement area...もっと表示する The CM-3700a spectrophotometer is a high-accuracy bench-top model, filled with Konica Minolta's advanced optical technology. To ensure the most accurate measurement is taken, this instrument emits a high power xenon flash. The size of the measurement area can be adjusted from 25.4mm, 8mm, or 3x5mm. UV cut filters allow the spectrophotometer to measure florescent colors and diffused lighting allows for the measurement of transparent colors. Target data collected and displayed using SpectraMagic NX software can be compared to two or more secondary targets, making this instrument ideal for demanding customers with strict requirements for R&D, QC, and CCM applications. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-3700d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-3700d is a highly accurate and readable bench-top spectrophotometer. To ensure the most accurate measurement is taken, this instrument emits a high power xenon flash. The size of the measurement area can be adjusted from 25.4mm, 8mm, or 3x5mm. UV c...もっと表示する The CM-3700d is a highly accurate and readable bench-top spectrophotometer. To ensure the most accurate measurement is taken, this instrument emits a high power xenon flash. The size of the measurement area can be adjusted from 25.4mm, 8mm, or 3x5mm. UV cut filters allow the spectrophotometer to measure florescent colors and diffused lighting allows for the measurement of transparent colors. Target data collected and displayed using SpectraMagic NX software can be compared to two or more secondary targets, making this instrument ideal for demanding customers with strict requirements for R&D, QC, and CCM applications. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-5 | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-5 is an advanced all-in-one bench-top spectrophotometer. The CM-5 is an easy-to-use color measurement instrument with a large LCD screen and onboard software that is capable of measuring the color of a variety of sample forms, including solids, pe...もっと表示する The CM-5 is an advanced all-in-one bench-top spectrophotometer. The CM-5 is an easy-to-use color measurement instrument with a large LCD screen and onboard software that is capable of measuring the color of a variety of sample forms, including solids, pellets, powders, gelatins, pastes, and opaque, translucent, and transparent liquids. Every time the machine is turned on, it automatically calibrates. Users can accurately measure both reflectance and transmittance, as well as designate PASS/FAIL tolerances for each measurement. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-512m3 | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | CM-512m3 is a multi-angle, handheld spectrophotometer that was designed to measure metallic paints. This spectrophotometer is free of orientation errors due to its symmetric geometry. It is accurate on curved surfaces and can be used on vehicle mirror bod...もっと表示する CM-512m3 is a multi-angle, handheld spectrophotometer that was designed to measure metallic paints. This spectrophotometer is free of orientation errors due to its symmetric geometry. It is accurate on curved surfaces and can be used on vehicle mirror bodies or door handles. This device also measures the temperature at each sample measurment for thermochromatic effects can be analyzed. There is no need for cable connections with the CM-512m3's ability to transfer infrared data. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-600d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-600d is a Bluetooth enabled, ergonomically designed, handheld spectrophotometer with a color LCD screen and a fixed aperture setting (MAV: Φ8 mm/Φ11 mm). This unit displays the measured color on the screen, which allows the user to check the level ...もっと表示する The CM-600d is a Bluetooth enabled, ergonomically designed, handheld spectrophotometer with a color LCD screen and a fixed aperture setting (MAV: Φ8 mm/Φ11 mm). This unit displays the measured color on the screen, which allows the user to check the level of color difference or search for measured colors. It has a large memory capacity, allowing for 1,000 sets of target data and 4,000 sets of measured data. Target data collected and displayed using SpectraMagic NX software can be compared to two or more secondary targets, making this instrument ideal for demanding customers with strict requirements for R&D, QC, and CCM applications. 表示を減らす |  |
| CM-700d | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CM-700d is a Bluetooth enabled, ergonomically designed, handheld spectrophotometer with a color LCD screen and a changeable aperture setting (MAV: Φ8 mm/Φ11 mm SAV: Φ3 mm/Φ6 mm). This unit displays the measured color on the screen, which allows the us...もっと表示する The CM-700d is a Bluetooth enabled, ergonomically designed, handheld spectrophotometer with a color LCD screen and a changeable aperture setting (MAV: Φ8 mm/Φ11 mm SAV: Φ3 mm/Φ6 mm). This unit displays the measured color on the screen, which allows the user to check the level of color difference or search for measured colors. It has a large memory capacity, allowing for 1,000 sets of target data and 4,000 sets of measured data. It also has dedicated buttons for frequently used operations. Target data collected and displayed using SpectraMagic NX software can be compared to two or more secondary targets, making this instrument ideal for demanding customers with strict requirements for R&D, QC, and CCM applications. 表示を減らす |  |
| Color-Guide | BYK-Gardner USA | Keyboards, pens and window handles require a color instrument with a very small aperture and a repeatable sample placement. Color-Guide 45/0, 4 mm aperture together with the optional sample holder guarantee repeatable results and a convenient sample place...もっと表示する Keyboards, pens and window handles require a color instrument with a very small aperture and a repeatable sample placement. Color-Guide 45/0, 4 mm aperture together with the optional sample holder guarantee repeatable results and a convenient sample placement. 表示を減らす |  |
| Color-Guide Plus | BYK-Gardner USA | Color-Guide Plus - the Electronic Fandeck! Instead of spending hours searching through hundreds of fandeck colors trying to match your customer's sample, why not get your answer in less than a second with the color-guide plus? |  |
| Color-View | BYK-Gardner USA | The Color-View spectrophotometer is a highly reliable 45/0 instrument with circumferential illumination. It is designed to measure rough, directional surfaces, pellets or powdered materials like plastic concentrates and resins, and smooth uniform surfaces...もっと表示する The Color-View spectrophotometer is a highly reliable 45/0 instrument with circumferential illumination. It is designed to measure rough, directional surfaces, pellets or powdered materials like plastic concentrates and resins, and smooth uniform surfaces like paint drawdowns and sprayouts, all with the same degree of certainty. 表示を減らす |  |
| ColorReader | Datacolor | ColorReader is our smallest design yet, offers greater than 90% first shot matching power giving your customers the confidence they will accurately match a color inspiration to your color collections. |  |
| ColorReader PRO | Datacolor | ColorReaderPRO offers your professional customers additional flexibility with standalone use. The OLED screen displaying the color directly on the device without needing a smartphone handy allows your pro-painters or designers to find their color inspirat...もっと表示する ColorReaderPRO offers your professional customers additional flexibility with standalone use. The OLED screen displaying the color directly on the device without needing a smartphone handy allows your pro-painters or designers to find their color inspiration even faster. 表示を減らす |  |
| Cone and Plate Viscometer | BYK-Gardner USA | The versatility of the CAP 1000+ and CAP 2000+ makes these instruments a practical tool for any QC or R&D lab requiring quick and easy testing of materials, regardless of application, at high shear rates. |  |
| Conical Mandrel Tester | BYK-Gardner USA | Bending coated sheet metal over a defined radius is an indicator of the elongation and adhesion of a paint film at bending stress. BYK-Gardner offers two types of mandrel bending testers – a cylindrical mandrel and a conical mandrel. |  |
| "Coverall" Bend And Impact Tester | BYK-Gardner USA | "Coverall" Bend And Impact Tester is used to test both flexibility and impact resistance. By simply reversing the impacter, the instrument can evaluate the flexibility of can-stock coating during double seaming and to test its impact resistance in handlin...もっと表示する "Coverall" Bend And Impact Tester is used to test both flexibility and impact resistance. By simply reversing the impacter, the instrument can evaluate the flexibility of can-stock coating during double seaming and to test its impact resistance in handling. 表示を減らす |  |
| CR-10 | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CR-10 hand-held color reader is a low cost, simple to operate, compact and lightweight color measurement device that is great for field operations. This Tristimulus colorimeter is ergonomically designed and battery powered making it an easy-to-use por...もっと表示する The CR-10 hand-held color reader is a low cost, simple to operate, compact and lightweight color measurement device that is great for field operations. This Tristimulus colorimeter is ergonomically designed and battery powered making it an easy-to-use portable device for quick color control. The CR-10 colorimeter is designed to directly measure the difference between two samples. 表示を減らす |  |
| CR-14 | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CR-14 is a light-weight, battery-operated handheld color reader that is designed to measure the whiteness index of foods or raw materials. The LCD screen displays the Hunter Whiteness Index or the CIE Whiteness Index. The CR-14 has a cap that protects...もっと表示する The CR-14 is a light-weight, battery-operated handheld color reader that is designed to measure the whiteness index of foods or raw materials. The LCD screen displays the Hunter Whiteness Index or the CIE Whiteness Index. The CR-14 has a cap that protects it when measuring powders or pastes without the need for filling cells. 表示を減らす |  |
| CR-400 | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CR-400 is a handheld chroma meter that is designed for use on a variety of surfaces in many types of applications. It is the successor to the CR-300, making upgrading to the CR-400 easy since data from the CR-300 will transfer. This instrument feature...もっと表示する The CR-400 is a handheld chroma meter that is designed for use on a variety of surfaces in many types of applications. It is the successor to the CR-300, making upgrading to the CR-400 easy since data from the CR-300 will transfer. This instrument features an 8mm aperture size and can measure on its own or connect to a data processor. It can store up to 1,000 measurements internally or 2,000 when the data processor is connected. Evaluation and color calculation formulas can be configured with a user index function. This feature is extremely useful when industry-specific or customized formulas are used instead of the versatile color system and standard evaluation formula (L*a*b*). 表示を減らす |  |
| CR-410 | Konica Minolta Sensing Americas, Inc. | The CR-410 is a handheld chroma meter that is designed for use on a variety of surfaces in many types of applications. It is the successor to the CR-310, making upgrading to the CR-400 easy since data from the CR-310 will transfer. This instrument feature...もっと表示する The CR-410 is a handheld chroma meter that is designed for use on a variety of surfaces in many types of applications. It is the successor to the CR-310, making upgrading to the CR-400 easy since data from the CR-310 will transfer. This instrument features an 50mm aperture size and can measure on its own or connect to a data processor. It can store up to 1,000 measurements internally or 2,000 when the data processor is connected. Evaluation and color calculation formulas can be configured with a user index function. This feature is extremely useful when industry-specific or customized formulas are used instead of the versatile color system and standard evaluation formula (L*a*b*). 表示を減らす |  |
| Cross Cut Adhesion Test Kit | TQC | The TQC Cross Cut Adhesion Test KIT’s CC1000/CC2000/CC3000 are used to test the adhesion of dry coats of paint on their substrate by means of a series of cuts through the coating. Two series of parallel cuts cross angled to each other to obtain a pattern ...もっと表示する The TQC Cross Cut Adhesion Test KIT’s CC1000/CC2000/CC3000 are used to test the adhesion of dry coats of paint on their substrate by means of a series of cuts through the coating. Two series of parallel cuts cross angled to each other to obtain a pattern of 25 or 100 similar squares. The ruled area is evaluated by using a table chart after a short treatment with a stiff brush, or adhesive tape for hard substrates. 表示を減らす |  |
| Cross-Cut Tester Kit | BYK-Gardner USA | Cross-Cut Tester Kits are available in 2 different blade versions, one is a multi-cut blade with 6 cutting edges, the other version has one cutting edge. The Cross-Cut Tester blades are made of hardened steel alloy. The blades are designed for retaining a...もっと表示する Cross-Cut Tester Kits are available in 2 different blade versions, one is a multi-cut blade with 6 cutting edges, the other version has one cutting edge. The Cross-Cut Tester blades are made of hardened steel alloy. The blades are designed for retaining a sharp cutting edge and reduce the frequency of blade replacement. 表示を減らす |  |
| Cupping Tester | BYK-Gardner USA | The BYK-Gardner cupping tester has been designed for determining the elongation and deformability of single- and multiple-layer systems on metal substrates. It has an electrohydraulic drive for highly reproducible results, an easy-to-use eccentric clampin...もっと表示する The BYK-Gardner cupping tester has been designed for determining the elongation and deformability of single- and multiple-layer systems on metal substrates. It has an electrohydraulic drive for highly reproducible results, an easy-to-use eccentric clamping ring, and the C-opening accepts large and small test panels. 表示を減らす |  |
| CurveX-2 USB Oven Logger Standard Kit | TQC | Profiling an industrial powder coating oven starts right here with the CurveX-2 Oven Logger standard KIT. The heart of the KIT is the CurveX-2 USB Oven Logger that offers easy-to-use, high quality temperature logging for industrial paint and powdercoat c...もっと表示する Profiling an industrial powder coating oven starts right here with the CurveX-2 Oven Logger standard KIT. The heart of the KIT is the CurveX-2 USB Oven Logger that offers easy-to-use, high quality temperature logging for industrial paint and powdercoat cure ovens. The temperature logger is fitted with a large display for easy menu-driven operation and quick display of measurement results. 表示を減らす |  |
| Cylindrical Mandrel Tester | BYK-Gardner USA | Bending coated sheet metal over a defined radius is an indicator of the elongation and adhesion of a paint film at bending stress. BYK-Gardner offers two types of mandrel bending testers – a cylindrical mandrel and a conical mandrel. |  |
| Datacolor 200™ | Datacolor | Datacolor 200™ offers highly accurate yet easy-to-use color measurement for paint & coating applications. Built especially for retail paint environment, the DC 200 features a compact, modern design with plug and play operation. Less frequent calibration ...もっと表示する Datacolor 200™ offers highly accurate yet easy-to-use color measurement for paint & coating applications. Built especially for retail paint environment, the DC 200 features a compact, modern design with plug and play operation. Less frequent calibration is required, maximizing in-store productivity, while its lab-grade accuracy prevents mistints, saving money. 表示を減らす |  |
| Datacolor 45G | Datacolor | The Datacolor 45G provides simultaneous control of color and gloss with best-in-class repeat- ability. With its integrated gloss capabilities, the portable Datacolor 45G spectrophotometer enables complete appearance control for consistent and accurate cor...もっと表示する The Datacolor 45G provides simultaneous control of color and gloss with best-in-class repeat- ability. With its integrated gloss capabilities, the portable Datacolor 45G spectrophotometer enables complete appearance control for consistent and accurate correlation to visual assessment. Ideal for inspection and control of total color appearance for retail hard goods, large appliances, and consumer electronics involving plastic parts, painted surfaces and coil coatings. 表示を減らす |  |
| Datacolor 45G CT | Datacolor | The Datacolor 45G CT provides complete appearance control for the most rigorous supply chain applications. With best-in-class inter-instrument agreement and repeatability, the Datacolor 45G CT is the only portable 45/0 spectrophotometer that offers close ...もっと表示する The Datacolor 45G CT provides complete appearance control for the most rigorous supply chain applications. With best-in-class inter-instrument agreement and repeatability, the Datacolor 45G CT is the only portable 45/0 spectrophotometer that offers close tolerance (“CT”) control for both color and gloss. Ideal for supply chain applications such as automotive interior parts, retail hard goods and other applications in plastics, paint, and coil coatings where total appearance control is critical. 表示を減らす |  |
| Datacolor 45S | Datacolor | The Datacolor 45S provides highly accurate control of color appearance to achieve a close correlation to visual assessment. Powered with Bluetooth wireless and the Datacolor TOOLS® quality control software, the portable 45S spectrophotometer offers an exc...もっと表示する The Datacolor 45S provides highly accurate control of color appearance to achieve a close correlation to visual assessment. Powered with Bluetooth wireless and the Datacolor TOOLS® quality control software, the portable 45S spectrophotometer offers an excellent combination of performance and value. Ideal for inspection and control of color appearance for retail hard goods, building products, office furniture and other applications involving plastics, painted surfaces and coil coatings. 表示を減らす |  |
| Datacolor 500™ | Datacolor | Economical spectrophotometer with embedded processor and data storage, offering increased efficiency and measurement confidence, best-in-class precision and accuracy, while assuring fleet compatibility. |  |
| Datacolor 550™ | Datacolor | Economical, Accurate Transmission and Reflectance Instrument, with embedded processor and data storage, offering increased measurement efficiency and confidence, while assuring fleet compatibility. |  |
| Datacolor 650™ | Datacolor | The Datacolor 650 is the ultimate flexible spectrophotometer, featuring unparalleled accuracy for both Reflection and transmission - the perfect solution for plastics and dye manufacturers requiring the best results for colour matching a wide variety of m...もっと表示する The Datacolor 650 is the ultimate flexible spectrophotometer, featuring unparalleled accuracy for both Reflection and transmission - the perfect solution for plastics and dye manufacturers requiring the best results for colour matching a wide variety of materials. 表示を減らす |  |
| Datacolor 800™ | Datacolor | The only true close tolerance spectrophotometer with embedded processor and data storage, offering increased efficiency and color measurement confidence, best-in-class precision and accuracy, while assuring fleet compatibility. |  |
| Datacolor 850™ | Datacolor | The Benchmark Transmission and Reflectance Instrument, with embedded processor and data storage, offering increased measurement efficiency and confidence, best-in-class precision and accuracy, while assuring fleet compatibility. |  |
| Datacolor CHECK 3 | Datacolor | Datacolor CHECK 3 portable spectrophotometer offers best-in-class color measurement performance that’s ideal for the formulation and quality control needs of color professionals in the paint, coatings, plastics and textile industries. |  |
| Delta Color Comparator | BYK-Gardner USA | The BYK-Gardner Delta Color Comparator uses precision polished opticalglass filters as reference standards. Two different models are available: with or without illumination. The rugged design of this instrument allows the color comparator to be used at a...もっと表示する The BYK-Gardner Delta Color Comparator uses precision polished opticalglass filters as reference standards. Two different models are available: with or without illumination. The rugged design of this instrument allows the color comparator to be used at any location, and easy operation allows anyone to determine Gardner Color Numbers. The optional illuminator allows back-light color to improve viewing conditions. 表示を減らす |  |
| Density Cups | BYK-Gardner USA | BYK-Gardner Density Cups use a cylindrical shape which provides a large opening for easy filling, emptying, and cleaning. The tightly fitted stainless steel covers have an upward slope to a small hole in the center to allow excess sample material to be ex...もっと表示する BYK-Gardner Density Cups use a cylindrical shape which provides a large opening for easy filling, emptying, and cleaning. The tightly fitted stainless steel covers have an upward slope to a small hole in the center to allow excess sample material to be expelled without entrapping air bubbles, which increases accuracy. 表示を減らす |  |
| Digital KU-2 | BYK-Gardner USA | The Digital KU-2 viscometer provides a direct digital reading in Krebs units (KU), centipoise, and grams (gm). This simplifies an established test procedure providing an immediate calculation of the viscosity value. The viscometer automatically starts or ...もっと表示する The Digital KU-2 viscometer provides a direct digital reading in Krebs units (KU), centipoise, and grams (gm). This simplifies an established test procedure providing an immediate calculation of the viscosity value. The viscometer automatically starts or stops by lowering or raising the viscometer. The KU-2 automatically establishes the correct rotational speed to comply with ASTM method D 562. 表示を減らす |  |
| DPM 100 | BYK-Gardner USA | The DPM 100 Digital Pocket Microscope offers varying magnification up to 200x suitable for most quality inspection work. The microscope features integrated LED illumination which can be turned on and off depending on the application. The DPM contains a hi...もっと表示する The DPM 100 Digital Pocket Microscope offers varying magnification up to 200x suitable for most quality inspection work. The microscope features integrated LED illumination which can be turned on and off depending on the application. The DPM contains a high-resolution color camera which provides crisp, clear images. To capture an image simply press the red button on the microscope. The microscope can be used for many applications, such as print quality, paper structure, coatings, textiles, and plastics. 表示を減らす |  |
| Drying Time Recorder | BYK-Gardner USA | BYK-Gardner offers the versatile BK Drying Time Recorder to help quantify the various stages of film curing and drying, deliver reproducible results, and guarantee highest efficiency. The various stages of drying and curing that occur in films are easy t...もっと表示する BYK-Gardner offers the versatile BK Drying Time Recorder to help quantify the various stages of film curing and drying, deliver reproducible results, and guarantee highest efficiency. The various stages of drying and curing that occur in films are easy to detect but difficult to define in terms of chemical and physical principles. In order to evaluate them objectively it is necessary to use instrumentation under controlled conditions. 表示を減らす |  |
| DT-1201 - Acoustic & Electroacoustic Spectrometer For Particle Size Analysis And Zeta Potential | HORIBA Instruments, Inc. | DT-1201 - Acoustic & Electroacoustic Spectrometer uses acoustic and electroacoustic spectrometry to measure both particle size and zeta potential in very concentrated suspensions (up to 50 vol%) over a size range of 5nm-100µm. Acoustic measurements provid...もっと表示する DT-1201 - Acoustic & Electroacoustic Spectrometer uses acoustic and electroacoustic spectrometry to measure both particle size and zeta potential in very concentrated suspensions (up to 50 vol%) over a size range of 5nm-100µm. Acoustic measurements provide a wealth of information beyond particle size and zeta potential. For well developed applications, acoustic parameters can be correlated to other product variables. It's advantages over light based techniques include: no dilution needed the sample is measured in native state, it is much less sensitive to contamination, there is no calibration needed, higher precision and wide size range from 5nm to 100 microns. DT-1201 measures sound attenuation and velocity of any fluid like material, gels and milk, for example. 表示を減らす |  |
| DUR-O-TEST | BYK-Gardner USA | This pocket instrument allows hardness tests on flat and curved surfaces. The instrument consists of a sleeve with a pressure spring that can be bent to various tensions by using a slide. The spring acts on a tungsten carbide needle with its tip extending...もっと表示する This pocket instrument allows hardness tests on flat and curved surfaces. The instrument consists of a sleeve with a pressure spring that can be bent to various tensions by using a slide. The spring acts on a tungsten carbide needle with its tip extending out of the sleeve. A locking screw fixes the slide, thus maintaining constant spring tension. 表示を減らす |  |
| DV-E Rotational Viscometer | BYK-Gardner USA | DV-E Rotational Viscometer has simplified controls, which allow operators to change test parameters quickly with the push of a switch and turn of a knob. The digital display ensures easy and accurate readout of results for simultaneous measurements of vis...もっと表示する DV-E Rotational Viscometer has simplified controls, which allow operators to change test parameters quickly with the push of a switch and turn of a knob. The digital display ensures easy and accurate readout of results for simultaneous measurements of viscosity and torque. 表示を減らす |  |
| Easy-Link | BYK-Gardner USA | Easy-Link is a software that helps document measurement results. It offers easy and direct data transfer from the instrument to Excel®, and QC templates prepared in Excel® allow you to create professional QC reports. All the data is summarized in one easy...もっと表示する Easy-Link is a software that helps document measurement results. It offers easy and direct data transfer from the instrument to Excel®, and QC templates prepared in Excel® allow you to create professional QC reports. All the data is summarized in one easy-to-read report: gloss, thickness, color, and specific product information. In addition, the software is expandable, so modification can be made easily when new requirements are established. 表示を減らす |  |
| Fineness Of Grind Gages | BYK-Gardner USA | The Fineness of Grind Gage is used to indicate the fineness of grind or the presence of coarse particles or agglomerates in a dispersion. It does not determine particle size or particle size distribution. Grind gages are used in controlling the production...もっと表示する The Fineness of Grind Gage is used to indicate the fineness of grind or the presence of coarse particles or agglomerates in a dispersion. It does not determine particle size or particle size distribution. Grind gages are used in controlling the production, storage, and application of dispersion products produced by milling in the paint, plastic, pigment, printing ink, paper, ceramic, pharmaceutical, food, and many other industries. 表示を減らす |  |
| Fluidicam™ RHEO | Formulaction Inc. | A novel device, the Fluidicam™ RHEO is a microfluidic rheometer where the viscosity of samples are visually measured under shear and temperature sweeps. Strong confinement of flow of a sample and a reference solution inside of a microfluidic chip allows f...もっと表示する A novel device, the Fluidicam™ RHEO is a microfluidic rheometer where the viscosity of samples are visually measured under shear and temperature sweeps. Strong confinement of flow of a sample and a reference solution inside of a microfluidic chip allows for fast analysis of samples in the matter of minutes. Over five orders of magniture of shear and six orders of magnitude of viscosity can be measured with a single set of disposable chips while utilizing only milliliters per flow curve or as low as 100 microliters per point. 表示を減らす |  |
| FRS1600 Furnace Rheometer System | Anton Paar Viscosity & Rheology | FRS1600 Furnace Rheometer System combines a rheometer and a lab furnace for viscosity measurements of melts at temperatures up to 1600°C. This helps ensure a consistent high quality of the final product and to optimize this energy-intensive process. Mater...もっと表示する FRS1600 Furnace Rheometer System combines a rheometer and a lab furnace for viscosity measurements of melts at temperatures up to 1600°C. This helps ensure a consistent high quality of the final product and to optimize this energy-intensive process. Materials of regular use in everyday life, such as glasses and metals, are processed or refined as melts at temperatures above 1000°C. 表示を減らす |  |
| Gardner Impact Tester Automatic Lift System | BYK-Gardner USA | Gardner Impact Tester Automatic Lift System features a pneumatically powered system added to the standard manual Gardner impact tester to relieve the operator of repetitive lifting of the drop weight and improve the repeatability of the test. This system ...もっと表示する Gardner Impact Tester Automatic Lift System features a pneumatically powered system added to the standard manual Gardner impact tester to relieve the operator of repetitive lifting of the drop weight and improve the repeatability of the test. This system is especially helpful where large 8 and 16 pound weights are used. By using a mechanical stop, the test is made more repeatable by eliminating any variation in the drop point by individuals releasing the weight by eye. 表示を減らす |  |
| GL0010 | TQC | The TQC Gloss meter allows the user to measure fast and simple accurate gloss levels on any flat surface. Whether it be paper, paint, plastic, wood or any other material. No special training or skills are required. Just place the gauge, press the scan but...もっと表示する The TQC Gloss meter allows the user to measure fast and simple accurate gloss levels on any flat surface. Whether it be paper, paint, plastic, wood or any other material. No special training or skills are required. Just place the gauge, press the scan button and read the values. Template options can also provide non-flat surfaces and small test areas. GL0010 is under the model name TQC SoloGloss with a 60 degree measuring angle. 表示を減らす |  |
| GL0020 | TQC | The TQC Gloss meter allows the user to measure fast and simple accurate gloss levels on any flat surface. Whether it be paper, paint, plastic, wood or any other material. No special training or skills are required. Just place the gauge, press the scan but...もっと表示する The TQC Gloss meter allows the user to measure fast and simple accurate gloss levels on any flat surface. Whether it be paper, paint, plastic, wood or any other material. No special training or skills are required. Just place the gauge, press the scan button and read the values. Template options can also provide non-flat surfaces and small test areas. GL0020 is under the model name TQC DuoGloss with 60/20 degree measuring angles. 表示を減らす |  |
| GL0030 | TQC | The TQC Gloss meter allows the user to measure fast and simple accurate gloss levels on any flat surface. Whether it be paper, paint, plastic, wood or any other material. No special training or skills are required. Just place the gauge, press the scan but...もっと表示する The TQC Gloss meter allows the user to measure fast and simple accurate gloss levels on any flat surface. Whether it be paper, paint, plastic, wood or any other material. No special training or skills are required. Just place the gauge, press the scan button and read the values. Template options can also provide non-flat surfaces and small test areas. GL0010 is under the model name TQC PolyGloss with a 85/60/20 degree measuring angle. 表示を減らす |  |
| Gradient-Oven | BYK-Gardner USA | The Gradient-Oven is a test apparatus for evaluating the baking and drying behavior of liquid coatings, powder coatings, resins, and plastics. A production baking process can be simulated by programming heat-up speed, baking temperature and time. This ins...もっと表示する The Gradient-Oven is a test apparatus for evaluating the baking and drying behavior of liquid coatings, powder coatings, resins, and plastics. A production baking process can be simulated by programming heat-up speed, baking temperature and time. This instrument saves time and energy, generates various curing temperatures on one panel, and simulates the temperature profile of a production oven in the laboratory. 表示を減らす |  |
| Grindometers | TQC | The TQC Grindometers or Fineness of Grind Gauges are precision instruments to determine particle size and fineness of many materials like paints, lacquers, pigments, filler, chocolate etc.. Most TQC Grindometers have double grooves with graded slopes grad...もっと表示する The TQC Grindometers or Fineness of Grind Gauges are precision instruments to determine particle size and fineness of many materials like paints, lacquers, pigments, filler, chocolate etc.. Most TQC Grindometers have double grooves with graded slopes graduated in three different parameters: µm (microns), NS (Hegman) and PCU (North). Gauge and beveled scraper are made of hardened stainless steel and have an accuracy of 2 µm. 表示を減らす |  |
| Haze-Gard Dual | BYK-Gardner USA | The Haze-Gard Dual objectively measures Total Transmittance and Transmission Haze according to two international specifications: ISO 13468 Compensation method and ASTM D1003 Noncompensated method. This instrument offers fast measurement of a variety of sa...もっと表示する The Haze-Gard Dual objectively measures Total Transmittance and Transmission Haze according to two international specifications: ISO 13468 Compensation method and ASTM D1003 Noncompensated method. This instrument offers fast measurement of a variety of samples and precise and reliable readings. 表示を減らす |  |
