| Cross-Linker | General Topic Information | Cross-linking refers to the chemical bonding of two polymer chains. When one polymer chain bonds to another, it forms a cross-link. Cross-links can be ionic or covalent bonds between natural or synthetic polymer chains. In the chemical field, scientists t...view more Cross-linking refers to the chemical bonding of two polymer chains. When one polymer chain bonds to another, it forms a cross-link. Cross-links can be ionic or covalent bonds between natural or synthetic polymer chains. In the chemical field, scientists typically use the term “cross-linking” to describe the process of bonding two polymers to define the differences between their physical properties. In the biological field, cross-linking is used to initiate protein-to-protein interactions. There are many kinds of cross-linkers and polymers available in chemical and biological settings. The cross-linking agent varies depending on the application. For example, calcium gluconate is a desirable cross-linker that controls biological microorganisms. This encapsulates biocontrol microorganisms in alginate beads with optimal survival and shelf life, according to researchers. Encapsulation via epoxidized linseed oil as a cross-linker works best for controlling the release of a liquid reactant in a matrix of reactive polymers. There are many different cross-linkers and encapsulation products depending on the application. view less | |
| Polyurethane | General Topic Information | Polyurethane is a thermoplastic polymer used in the manufacturing of resins for fillers, adhesives, and elastomers. It is a synthetic material created by combining a polyhydric alcohol and an isocyanate through polymerization. Polyurethane creates tough c...view more Polyurethane is a thermoplastic polymer used in the manufacturing of resins for fillers, adhesives, and elastomers. It is a synthetic material created by combining a polyhydric alcohol and an isocyanate through polymerization. Polyurethane creates tough coatings, strong adhesives, durable resins, and foams. Most polyurethane is heat resistant, although thermoplastic polymers are also available that can be molded by heat. Polyurethanes are unique from other polymers in that they have carbamate groups in their molecular structure. Polyurethane can come from a variety of materials, including stabilizers, monomers, and prepolymers. The addition of materials such as antioxidants can act as stabilizers to strengthen the polyurethane and give it customizable features like heat resistance. Stabilizers give manufacturers the ability to create polyurethanes that increase resistance to damage from light, temperature, oxidization, chemicals, and atmospheric contaminants. Manufacturers may also add colorants because the natural color of polyurethane is white. view less | |
| Resins | General Topic Information | Resins are convertible into polymers, and there are many different types of resins. Other materials that fall under the category of “resin” include acrylic, cellulose, and alkyds. Gel coat resins also exist, which are combinations of additives and base re...view more Resins are convertible into polymers, and there are many different types of resins. Other materials that fall under the category of “resin” include acrylic, cellulose, and alkyds. Gel coat resins also exist, which are combinations of additives and base resins. Every resin has a unique purpose and properties that make it valuable across numerous industries. Most resins are flexible, versatile, strong, and resilient – making them important in manufacturing, automotive, construction, aerospace, and a number of other industries. Common products that utilize natural resins include: plastics, medicine, flavors, aromas, varnishes and coatings, printing inks, adhesives, insecticides, insulation, and stimulants. Synthetic resins have similarities to natural ones but with different chemical makeups. Synthetic resins and plastics are often interchangeable. There are two types of synthetic resins: thermosetting and thermoplastic. Thermosetting resins retain their shape permanently after the heating process. Thermoplastic resins, on the other hand, remain fluid after heat treatment and can undergo reshaping as necessary. Examples of synthetic resins include polyester, epoxy, and polyurethane. view less |
