Epoxy is a type of resin that comes from polymerization of epoxides. People use epoxy for its strong adhesions and durable coatings. Epoxy forms tightly connected cross-polymer structures that are ideal for use as a resin, coating, or paint. One might need an epoxy solution to insulate electrical equipment, resist chemical abrasion and extreme temperatures, coat a floor for durable wear-and-tear, or to waterproof an item. Selecting the right type of epoxy depends on the project in question.  Read More

Properties of Epoxy
Epoxy, epoxy paint, and epoxy resin are three different things. Epoxy resin is epoxy in its liquid form. Epoxy paint has a small amount of epoxy in the mixture for better adhesion and increased durability compared to acrylic paint. All types of epoxy have two main parts: a resin and a curing agent. This is why consumers typically find epoxy products separated into two containers. They must remain separated until the user is ready to begin the hardening process. Combining the two agents creates a chemical reaction that leads to hardening.

There are several different curing agents available for epoxy solutions. One of the most common is a combination of polyamides and amides. When the user combines the resin with the curing agent, they bond together in a crisscross pattern that creates the hard, durable substance commonly known as epoxy.

Polymerizing a mixture of the resin and the curing agent, or catalyst, will lead to a molecular chain reaction at chemically active sites. This creates an exothermic reaction in which covalent bonds between the epoxide groups of the resin and catalyst form. These bonds create cross-linking of the polymer that lends superior rigidity, durability, and strength. It is possible to control the strength and properties of epoxy by monitoring the curing conditions such as temperature and choice of resin. Different epoxy solutions are suitable for different applications and conditions.

How to Use Epoxy
Consumers use epoxy for bonding elements together, protecting surfaces, and creating a layer of material that is highly resistant to temperature, moisture, and humidity. There are many uses for epoxy, from coating facility floors to gluing together the metal plates found on ships. One can use epoxy on metals, wood, rubber, and almost all other materials. It can bind fiber wires, restore broken objects, act as furniture varnish, and much more.

Epoxy comes in two separate containers or in one container with split compartments. One can purchase epoxy in liquid, putty, or gel form. For smaller projects, a fast-hardening epoxy is more appropriate. For larger or more complex jobs, one would prefer an epoxy that takes longer to harden because it allows the user more time to work and creates a stronger bond. A person would not use one-minute epoxy to put together the hull of an airplane, for example.

Epoxy as an adhesive can be applied and used in the same manner as regular glue. For use as a sealant, one would need to roll or brush the product on and wait for it to cure. After the epoxy cures, the user will have a hard, clear substance that looks similar to glass. There are several types of epoxy in different mediums and viscosities

Items to Consider When Choosing an Epoxy
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) have standards for what epoxy should contain and how it should perform. When shopping for epoxy, look for environmentally safe products with no volatile compounds or solvents. Search for epoxy that is 100 percent solids.

There are epoxies that one can roll on, brush on, trowel on, or use field application. Buyers should look for superior bonding, chemical and temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, and wear-and-tear protection in an epoxy solution. If used for industrial purposes, industry standards will dictate the type of epoxy and its properties for specific applications. For example, one may need exceptional heat or chemical resistance in certain operating environments. Epoxy is one of the most widely used adhesives and coatings across numerous industries due to its high performance in extreme conditions.

Summary
A type of resin, epoxy typically comes in a multiple compartment container that has a resin and a curing agent. When the two compartments are combined, a chemical reaction produces a hard substance. Epoxy’s elements combine in a crisscross pattern, which gives it its strength and durability. Epoxy can be used as a sealant or an adhesive.  Read Less